Just the bear facts, ma'am

Four featured articles were promoted this week.

• Ancestry of the Godwins (nominated by Dudley Miles) The story of the Godwins revolves around the character of Godwin himself; the son of an obscure thegn who fled when Æthelred the Unready accused him of "unknown crimes", he was made the first Earl of Wessex by Canute the Wet-footed. Godwin married Gytha, daughter of Thorgil the Fast, son of Ursius, who was the son of a bear. The bear didn't have a name, or didn't care to give it to the chroniclers. Godwin and Gytha had at least nine children, five of whom became earls. Their eldest daughter Edith married Edward the Confessor in 1045. Relations between Edward and the Godwins were fractious: the king's brother Alfred had been captured and blinded by Godwin back in 1035 when Alfred had attempted to seize the kingdom after the death of Canute. However, on Edward's death Godwin's son Harold was able to claim the throne as the head of the most powerful family in England. And then someone loosed an arrow in the air ... and that was the end of the Godwins.
• Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar (nominated by Wehwalt) The Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar of 1936 bears the image of Stephen Foster, and commemorates the 50th anniversary of Cincinnati becoming a center of music for America. Although struck by the United States Mint the issue was the brainchild of one Thomas Melish and his group of speculators, who had the sole right to purchase the entire issue of 15,000 coins and resell them at a profit. The coins were sold in sets of three (different mint marks) at $7.50.
• Persuasion (1995 film) (nominated by Ruby2010) Based on a novel by Jane Austen, Persuasion was a 1995 period drama starring Amanda Root as Anne Elliot and Ciarán Hinds as naval captain Frederick Wentworth. They kiss at the end of the film – at least in the American version. It was thought that audiences couldn't bear it if they didn't. In the British version they hold hands. In the French version they kiss while holding hands, and then Wentworth buys a pound of butter from a passing milkmaid.
• Shah Rukh Khan (nominated by Bollyjeff and Dr. Blofeld) Shah Rukh Khan is an Indian film actor, described by the Los Angeles Times as "the world's biggest movie star". However noted Bollywood producer G. P. Sippy doubted that SRK (as he is known) could play the hero, as his hair looked like a bear's.

Two Featured lists were promoted this week.

• James Franco filmography (nominated by FrB.TG) James Edward Franco is an American actor and teacher. He was known as Ted by his parents, which led to him being called Teddy Ruxpin after the talking bear.
• List of awards and nominations received by Jorge Drexler (nominated by Jaespinoza) Jorge Drexler is an Academy-Award-winning (for his song "Al Otro Lado del Río") Uruguayan singer and songwriter. He released his first two albums while still practicing as an otorhinolaryngologist. Spanish singer Joaquín Sabina heard Drexler in concert in Montevideo, and persuaded him to go to Spain, where there would be enough demand for his songs to sustain a career.

One featured topic was promoted this week.

• Wikipedia:Featured topics/Overview of Lorde (nominated by Adabow) Lorde is a New Zealand singer-songwriter. Her vocal style has been characterised as "sweet, sultry and sour" (that sultry is so so necessary) and "twitchy electro".

Twenty-eight Featured pictures were promoted this week.

• Japanese invasion money for Burma: One Burmese cent, five Burmese cents, ten Burmese cents, one-quarter Burmese rupee, one-half Burmese rupee, One Burmese rupee, Five Burmese rupees, ten Burmese rupees, and one-hundred Burmese rupees (created by Empire of Japan; nominated by Godot13) A set of Japanese invasion money notes from Burma, issued in 1942 after the British retreat into India. The 5-rupee note was copied by the United States Office of Strategic Services as propaganda — one side contained anti-Japanese messages in either Burmese or Kachin. Fakes of the 1 and 10-rupee notes were also produced by the Allies to pay agents.
• Texas bluebonnet (created by Loadmaster; nominated by Pine) The Texas bluebonnet is the state flower of Texas. Five species of bluebonnets are found in the state; Lupinus subcarnosus was designated as the state flower in 1901. In 1971 it shared the honor with Lupinus texensis (the one photographed by Loadmaster), and in 2001 the relevant statute was amended to include all bluebonnets. Like other species of lupin, such as Lupinus polyphyllus the roots of the bluebonnet are especially attractive to black bears.
• View of Alentejo, Portugal, with cork oak (created and nominated by Alvesgaspar) This photograph by Alvesgaspar shows a gently rolling wheat filed and a suber oak in the Portuguese region of Alentejo. This area of south-central Portugal is home to the Rafeiro do Alentejo, with its bear-like head.
• Self-portrait of Cornelis Kruseman (created by Cornelis Kruseman; nominated by Crisco 1492) Painted when he was only 15 years old, this self-portrait shows a mastery of technique that will make you horrifically jealous of the unbearable little swot.
• Erfurt 10 Ducat (1645) depicting Queen Christina of Sweden (created by Sweden; nominated by Godot13) One of the few coins in history which depicts a monarch full-face rather than in profile, this gold coin from Erfurt in Germany depicts Queen Christina of Sweden. Erfurt was occupied by Swedish forces for seventeen years during the Thirty Years' War. It requires more skill to engrave a full-face portrait in relief than a profile, and as the coin wears the portrait will become an unrecognisable blob. The engraver of this coin has turned the queen's head slightly to the left, making the job slightly easier. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, Queen Christina's favourite amusement was bear hunting.
• Globi coelestis in tabulas planas redacti descriptio: Plate 1, Plate 2, Plate 3, Plate 4, Plate 5, and Plate 6 (created by Ignace-Gaston Pardies; nominated by Brandmeister) Plates from a star atlas published posthumously by the French Jesuit scientist Ignace-Gaston Pardies in 1674 show the stars laid out on a gnomonic projection, with the subjects of the constellations derived from an earlier star atlas, Uranometria. As in its predecessor, Pardies' atlas shows the humans facing away from the Earth, a break from tradition — but the Great Bear is looking at us directly, and rather sadly. The six plates can be arranged in the form of a cube (a feature of the projection used). The idea of a "cubic universe" occurs in Christian and Jewish mysticism, derived from earlier thinkers' visualisations of a cubic Earth situated in the centre of a cubic cosmos. It probably also occurs in Time Cube, but nobody ain't got time for that.
• Leo Tolstoy in 1897 (created by Yann; nominated by Yann) Tolstoy sits on a bench in the grounds of Yasnaya Polyana in 1897. The bench re-appears in a postcard from the 1900s, in which Tolstoy poses with his hat and walking cane, and again in a photograph of circa 1906 where the writer sits alongside Vladimir Chertkov, the man who came to control Tolstoy's literary legacy, even under Stalin. The bench, once the stout supporter of famous men's posteriors, probably disappeared during the German occupation of Tolstoy's estate in October 1941. Its modern-day descendant is a sad construction of birch logs, often photographed by tourists who perhaps imagine that its rustic appearance is somehow "Tolstoyan". In the house itself is the skin of a bear, killed back in 1872 after it had spent some time lying on top of Tolstoy trying to gnaw his face off. The scars healed almost imperceptibly, so they're not visible in this photograph.
• Lower Manhattan (created by King of Hearts; nominated by Bammesk) A view taken by King of Hearts of Lower Manhattan looking across the Hudson River from Jersey City. The shoreline visible across the water is the site of Bear Market, opened in 1771 and closed in 1813.
• Portrait of a Man with a Blue Chaperon (created by Jan van Eyck; nominated by Crisco 1492) This portrait by Jan van Eyck of an unknown man has only recently been confirmed as being by the master — cleaning and infra-red photography revealed underdrawing and brushwork typical of signed works by van Eyck. Another pointer is the man's stubbled face. Many of van Eyck's portraits of men show a light growth of beard or a badly shaved visage. The small size of the painting and the uncompromising realism of the depiction suggest that it could have been a "betrothal portrait", sent to the prospective in-laws. His furry chin could indicate that this is a true portrait of the man. Van Eyck was a native of Bruges, the town founded by Baldwin Iron Arm after he had killed a bear that had attacked him and his bride. The bear became the symbol of Bruges.
• Feeding frenzy (created by Luc Viatour; nominated by Brandmeister) The carp in this photograph by Luc Viatour are competing for food; they are in a feeding frenzy which happens when there is a surfeit of prey or food. The carp are in a pond at the Agdal Gardens in Marrakesh.
• The Alba Madonna (created by Raphael; nominated by Crisco 1492) The Alba Madonna by Raphael sets Mary, Jesus and John the Baptist in a classical landscape reminiscent of Roman frescos. It was originally painted on a wooden panel but the panel was removed about 200 years ago by carefully shaving the wood away – the paint layer was then glued onto a canvas backing. Although John is represented as a toddler he is already wearing the camel skin which is one of his attributes from the period when he was bearing witness to the divinity of Jesus.
• The Shard from the Sky Garden (created by User:Colin; nominated by National Names 2000) This view of the Shard building in central London was assembled from 28 photographs taken by Colin using a Sony A77II camera, set at a "film" speed of 200 ISO. He used a Sony 55-300mm zoom lens with the focal length set at 160mm, with the exposure timing set at 1/1000 of a second and the lens aperture at f5.6. The camera was handheld throughout. Colin was standing on the balcony of the "Sky Garden" at the top of 20 Fenchurch Street, about 160 metres above sea level. The 28 landscape-format images were stitched together in 3 vertical rows of 9 using the Windows version of Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6.0, at a height of 30.798 meters above sea level. Colin comments "-&\#xd;&\#xa;Projection: Rectilinear (0)&\#xd;&\#xa;FOV: 25 x 31&\#xd;&\#xa;Ev: 13.94". To which we say "xob xkv lc lro obxabop pqfii xtxhb?"
• The Sun, photographed in extreme ultraviolet (created by NASA; nominated by Jcpag2012) The Sun photographed using a reflector telescope mounted on the SOHO spacecraft. By using alternate multiple layers of chemicals that absorb extreme ultraviolet light weakly or strongly, a reflective surface can be built up that causes photons from a desired wavelength of EUV to interfere constructively. Here it's the light produced by helium (II) which is being imaged; the helium is in the hot solar corona but not in the photosphere. Other wavelengths are absorbed by the reflective surface, so details in the solar corona which would otherwise be obscured are visible.
• Martin Ryckaert (created by Anthony van Dyck; nominated by Crisco 1492) A superb portrait by Anthony van Dyck of the one-armed landscape artist Martin Ryckaert. It was painted between 1627 and 1632 – in the latter year van Dyck entered the employ of Charles I of England who was a dedicated collector of European art, and had ideas about collecting the artists as well. Charles already had some of van Dyck's paintings, hung in the Bear Gallery at Whitehall.
• Golden earrings from Gyeongju (created by National Museum of Korea; nominated by Blorgy555) Golden earrings from the Pubuchong tomb in Gyeongju city, Korea. They date from the Old Silla period of between 500 and 600 CE, and are number 90 on the list of National Treasures of South Korea. Regarded as the most beautiful of earrings recovered from archaeological sites of the Silla period, the pair were reproduced as casts in gold-plated base metal for distribution to museums and at trade shows. The originals were made using a combination of filigree work with beaded wires, and granulation (welding beads of gold to a surface).

2015-06-10

Wikimedia sites are going HTTPS only

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By Legoktm

Today it was announced that Wikimedia sites are going to become HTTPS only, finishing up 10 year effort of rolling out HTTPS. In December 2005, Brion Vibber set up an experimental HTTPS server using special urls like https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Main_Page. In 2011, HTTPS became available using canonical urls like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page, which allowed for the usage of protocol-relative urls (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) to avoid serving HTTP content in pages loaded over HTTPS (mixed content).

Since August 2013, all logged in users used HTTPS; however, that system had some drawbacks. If a user clicked an HTTP link, they would be redirected to HTTPS, but their initial click would leak what page they were trying to visit. To counter that, HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is also being rolled out, which instructs browsers to only visit the website over HTTPS. Wikimedia sites will also be added to browser's HSTS preload lists, which will make sure the browser uses HTTPS even if you have never visited the website before to see the HSTS information.

As of writing, only 7 language groups have been converted^[1]: ca, el, en, he, it, ug, zh. The Russian Wikipedia has been practically HTTPS-only since August 2014^[2].

Legoktm is a software engineer for the Wikimedia Foundation, and he wrote this in his volunteer capacity.

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The following content has been republished from the Wikimedia Blog. The views expressed in this piece are those of the author alone; responses and critical commentary are invited in the comments section. For more information on this partnership see our content guidelines.

2015-06-10

Making Wikipedia’s medical articles accessible in Chinese

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By James Heilman and Liang Chih Shang Kuan

James Heilman and Liang Chih Shang Kuan have also published this on the Wikimedia blog.

The Medical Translation Project, an ambitious attempt to improve and translate Wikipedia’s medical content from English into other languages, began in 2012. While it was initially a collaboration between WikiProject Medicine and Translators Without Borders, one particularly successful model was developed and carried out by Wikimedia Taiwan, in partnership with the National Taiwan University College of Medicine.

This project began in the fall of 2014, when students were invited to translate entire high-quality medical articles into Chinese. The students initially struggled, due to the size and complexity of these articles. The project’s focus then shifted from improving entire articles to simply improving the leads, the three-to-four-paragraph prefaces to Wikipedia’s articles. Since many languages have very little medical content overall, it was believed that concentrating on a large number of short articles would have a greater impact than working on only a few longer articles. The leads of the English Wikipedia’s medical articles, which needed improvement, also benefited from this attention.

The students began by working on an article from a list of entries ready for translation from the English, with Wikimedia markup in place. They then used a combination of Hackpad and Facebook to coordinate their efforts and translate content using this markup. Once the translation was complete, they sent the completed article to editors from Wikimedia Taiwan, who added them to the Chinese Wikipedia. This process worked very well: as the students gained more skill and enthusiasm, they returned to the full articles and began working on them as well — and as of May 2015, 16 full articles and 48 short articles have been translated into Chinese.

This project has resulted in benefits not just for Wikipedia, but also for the students. While medical students in Taiwan learn mostly in English, after graduating they practice mostly in Chinese: this project has been an excellent way for students to not only develop their abilities to translate medical information into their own language, but also to learn the medical content at the same time. And their translations will help give the next generation of students the option to study medicine in their own language.

Aaron Huang, a medical student involved in the project, shared his experience: “Being a participant in this project changed my perspective on knowledge. In the process of finding the balance between using precise professional terms and common words to explain a medical condition, I learned a lot. This has helped me to have better communication with my patients… something that I had not expected when I started. Joining [Wikimedia Taiwan] was a great opportunity for me to rethink not only medical knowledge but also medical education.”

This collaboration’s success offers another potential model for chapters to form relationships with medical schools. Previous educational efforts have run into issues, with the use of low-quality citations, poor formatting, and copyright. This method of collaboration avoids these potential pitfalls by providing students an easy introduction to Wikipedia editing.

Currently, there are 150 short articles and 34 long articles ready for translation, and we hope to eventually increase the number of short articles to 1,000. While we initially concentrated on core human health problems, we have recently began to develop content pertaining to essential medications and public health infrastructure, like sanitation.

One of the keys to success has been ensuring that all of the content added to the translation list is of very high quality, meaning that every sentence accurately reflects and is supported by a reliable secondary source.

These efforts exemplify how chapters and thematic projects such as Wiki Project Med can effectively work together, each bringing their specific expertise to a joint initiative. We would love to see other groups emulate this promising model.

James Heilman, WikiProject Med Foundation

Liang-chih Shang Kuan, Wikimedia Taiwan

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