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30 July 2014

Book review
Knowledge or unreality?
Recent research
Shifting values in the paid content debate
News and notes
How many more hoaxes will Wikipedia find?
Wikimedia in education
Success in Egypt and the Arab World
Traffic report
Doom and gloom vs. the power of Reddit
Featured content
Skeletons and Skeltons
 

Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2014-07-30/From the editors


2014-07-30

Doom and gloom vs. the power of Reddit

We indeed moved far away from football this week, and further into much more serious issues of war and death. The Israel-Palestinian conflict continues to dominate the news, and the top 10, with Gaza Strip (#4), Israel (#9), and Hamas (#10). The top 25 also includes Palestine (#15) and Israeli–Palestinian conflict itself (#17). Death also lies behind the popularity of James Garner (#1), the American actor who died on 19 July, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (#3), and Deaths in 2014 (#8).

We have Reddit to thank for some less serious topics of interest, including a funny story about songwriter Tom Lehrer (#5), as well as how land mine (#7) areas in the Falkland Islands have become penguin sanctuaries. Actress Rose Leslie (#21) made the top 25 simply because Reddit noticed she grew up in a castle. It's worth noting that earlier this week The New York Times was asking "Can Reddit Grow Up?", about that site's efforts to develop a mature business model. Considering that Reddit and Google Doodles are without peer in their ability to direct traffic, at least to Wikipedia, it stands to reason that someone will figure out how to leverage that site's massive audience.

For the full top 25 list, see WP:TOP25. See this section for an explanation for any exclusions.

For the week of 20 to 26 July 2014, the ten most popular articles on Wikipedia, as determined from the report of the 5,000 most viewed pages, were:

Rank Article Class Views Image Notes
1 James Garner B-class 1,160,042
This American actor died on July 19 at age 86 of a heart attack. Garner starred in several popular television series over more than five decades, including Maverick and The Rockford Files. He also starred in more than 50 films.
2 Fifty Shades of Grey B-class 579,935
This 2011 erotic romance novel by E. L. James (pictured) is one of the biggest best sellers of the past decade. It is being adapted into a movie directed by Sam Taylor-Wood so that even more people can experience it. On July 24, the movie trailer for the film was released, which is no doubt why this article was so popular this week.
3 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 B-class 576,750
The tragic shooting down of this passenger aircraft over Eastern Ukraine drops one spot this week. Although it seems likely that Russian-backed insurgents, who recently downed some Ukrainian planes in the same area, mistook the Boeing 777 for a Ukrainian military plane, a full investigation of the crash needs to be completed. That continues to be hampered by the lack of government authority and ongoing fighting in the region, leading to news reports about the efforts made to simply transport bodies out of the area, as well as disturbing claims of scavenging of passenger belongings by local residents.
4 Gaza Strip C-Class 508,624
The latest round of fighting between Israel and Hamas, part of a very long and complicated history of conflict, keeps this article on the list for the second straight week. The military operation is dubbed "Operation Protective Edge" though our article on the conflict is now filed under 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.
5 Tom Lehrer B-class 507,403
This American singer-songwriter, satirist, and mathematician was the subject of a very popular Reddit thread this week. As Reddit noticed, when Lehrer was asked at age 84 by hip-hop artist 2 Chainz for permission to sample a song he wrote 60 years ago, Lehrer responded: "As sole copyright owner of 'The Old Dope Peddler', I grant you motherfuckers permission to do this. Please give my regards to Mr. Chainz, or may I call him 2?"
6 2014 Commonwealth Games c-class 487,610
The 2014 edition of the Commonwealth Games kicked off on 23 July in Glasgow, Scotland, and will run through 3 August. Almost 5,000 athletes from 71 different nations and territories will be competing in 18 sports, including Lawn Bowls.
7 Land mine C-Class 438,852
Reddit also caused a huge spike in the popularity of this article on 25 July, when a "Today I Learned" thread noted that areas around landmines laid near the sea during the Falklands War (1982) have become favorite penguins sanctuaries, as penguins do not weigh enough to detonate the mines, and can breed free of human interference. The sanctuaries have proven so popular and lucrative for ecotourism that removal efforts have been opposed.
8 Deaths in 2014 List 408,553
The list of deaths in the current year is always a popular article. In addition to James Garner (#1), deaths this week included (and this is a random sample, truly): Indian actor Kadhal Dhandapani (July 20), English female aviator and World War II military pilot Lettice Curtis (July 21), American football player Robert Newhouse (July 22), American swimmer and 1932 Olympics gold medal winner Helen Johns (July 23), South Korean vionlist Ik-Hwan Bae (July 24), American author Bel Kaufman (July 25), and Ukrainian mayor Oleh Babayev (July 26).
9 Israel B-class 396,605
Up from #14 last week. As with #4, the latest round of fighting between Israel and Hamas is no doubt the cause of the popularity of this article this week.
10 Hamas B-class 396,081
Up from #17 last week, giving the recent conflict three of the top ten spots this week. Sadly, this popularity, and the bloodshed causing it, is likely to continue.

It took 396,081 views to make the Top 10 this week, down substantially from the 467,674 views needed last week. In the greater raw WP:5000 stats, 158 articles received over 100,000 views this week, with The Big Bang Theory (#158) the last to do so. William Shakespeare (#587) was the last to break 50,000 views; Los Angeles Lakers (#2239) last to hit 25,000; and United States Navy SEALs and Jazz tied for last (#4999) on the WP:5000, with 16,068 views. Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2014-07-30/In the media Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2014-07-30/Technology report Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2014-07-30/Essay Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2014-07-30/Opinion


2014-07-30

How many more hoaxes will Wikipedia find?

Another hoax on the English Wikipedia was uncovered this week—not by any thorough investigation, but through the self-disclosure of an anonymous change made when the editors were in their sophomore year of college. The deliberate misinformation had been in the article for over five years with plenty of individuals noticing, but not one suspected its authenticity. This leads to one obvious question: how many more are there?

Amelia Bedelia is a fictional character used by children's book author Peggy Parish and her nephew Herman Parish, who stepped in to continue the series after the former's death in 1988. Bedelia is over 50 years old and is literal-minded to the extreme. According to publisher HarperCollins, "When she makes a sponge cake, she puts in real sponges. When she weeds the garden, she replants the weeds. And when she pitches a tent, she throws it into the woods!" The New York Times Book Review noted that "No child can resist Amelia and her literal trips through the minefield of the English language—and no adult can fail to notice that she's usually right when she's wrong." Writer Cynthia Samuels continued:


However, Peggy Parish would likely be the first to tell her readers that her main character was not based on a maid in Cameroon.

Nor did she spend some "formative years" there.

Yet this is precisely what the Wikipedia article on Amelia Bedelia had said since January 2009: "Amelia Bedelia's character is based on a maid in Cameroon, where the author spent some time during her formative years. Her vast collection of hats, notorious for their extensive plumage, inspired Parish to write an assortment of tales based on her experiences in North Africa."

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More articles

The hoax was only revealed when EJ Dickson, a journalist and one of the two original hoax editors, noticed a series of tweets including one from Jay Caspian Kang, an editor for the New Yorker, that highlighted the text Dickson wrote five years earlier. In her words, "It was total bullshit ... It was the kind of ridiculous, vaguely humorous prank stoned college students pull, without any expectation that anyone would ever take it seriously." Her co-editor Evan continued, "I feel like we sort of did it with the intention of seeing how fast it would take to get it taken down [by Wikipedia editors]".

Their edits were removed after Dickson publicized her edits in the Daily Dot.

Historical hoaxes

Hoaxes have a lengthy history on Wikipedia. The longest-lasting hoax was a two-sentence, obscure biography of Gaius Flavius Antoninus, who was supposedly a Roman politician who helped assassinate Julius Caesar in 44BCE.

At least 23 known hoaxes have lasted for five to six years, including an article on an equally obscure alleged war between Portugal and the Maratha Empire of modern-day India. Wikipedia editor A-b-a-a-a-a-a-a-b-a, who is now indefinitely blocked, wrote that this "Bicholim conflict" took place in 1640–41 and the resulting peace treaty played a major role in Portugal's keeping control over Goa until the 1960s. At the time it was exposed as a hoax, the meticulously created article had held good article status for five years. It was over 4300 words long, and had about 150 citations.

John Tyler, the tenth president of the United States, supposedly sent federal troops into Michigan in 1843 a secessionist movement spawned from an equally farcical Canadian-Michigander conflict over the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

Numerous hoaxes have existed for shorter amounts of time. Among the most colorful was another painstakingly detailed entry on the Upper Peninsula War. Boasting 23 references in its bibliography, this fake article chronicled a struggle between the United States, Canada, and nascent separatists in Michigan spawned from a disputed territorial line in the Upper Peninsula. It ended with the massacre of numerous Canadian troops (along with 80–120 civilians suspected of being Canadian co-conspirators), and the arrest and execution of Michigan's governor.

This fantastical story turned out to be a success story for Wikipedia: the hoax, despite the effort that had been put into it, was caught, nominated for deletion within a week of creation, and disposed of.

What's left?

With this latest hoax revelation, how many more are out there? An op-ed published in the Signpost last year argued that studies show Wikipedia is very accurate and false information is near the level of statistical irrelevance. When hoaxes do occur, they "have reached great prominence, true, but they are small in number, and they can be caught." According to the author, "Wikipedia is generally fairly effective (if not perfect) at keeping its information clean and rid of errors."

Yet just by itself, the Bedelia hoax caused a number of others to be revealed in comment threads discussing the case, including false ghost stories and a new origin story for the corporate name Verizon. Dickson's article also referenced a prior hoax regarding the alleged inventor of S'mores; one of those claimed inventors even had their own biography article which was deleted last year, but not before being cited in a number of books. How many more remain hidden in plain sight?

Though not a defense, these problems of falling for false information are not new. John McIntrye, a copyeditor for the The Baltimore Sun and a noted critic of Wikipedia, also wrote about this latest hoax, and noted that those who were duped showed a "hardly novel" combination of laziness and gullibility, as demonstrated long ago by H.L. Mencken's 1917 Bathtub hoax.

Still, as EJ Dickson's article concluded, "I learned from my inadvertent Wikipedia hoax ... not that Wikipedia itself isn't reliable, but that ... many people believe it is." Numerous examples of Bedelia's alleged Cameroonian origins have been written about by scholars, bloggers, academics, and apparently even the current author of the series himself, who reportedly told a journalist in 2009 that the character was based on "a French colonial maid in Cameroon." The fact that these hoaxes are not caught for such a long time does not mean they cannot be caught—a discerning editor looking for questionable claims and lack of citations may spot them.

But the average reader using Wikipedia will likely not.

In brief

  • Swedish Wikipedia hits yet another milestone: The Swedish Wikipedia, which as of two weeks ago was the fourth-largest Wikipedia (behind the Dutch and German), is now the second-largest Wikipedia. In that timeframe, Swedish has grown by about 65,000 articles, compared to the German's 6,000 and the Dutch's 2,000—principally thanks to bot-created articles, a process that has proved controversial among Wikipedians.
  • New iOS app: Following the redesigned Wikipedia app for Android phones in June, the Wikimedia Foundation has now released a companion app for iOS, which has similar features including the ability to edit (for the first time) and saving pages for later offline viewing. Fast Company's story notes that the WMF is "really interested" in eventually raising funds through the app.
  • Another legal victory: The WMF has declared a "victory for free and neutral knowledge" in their triumph over four websites who were improperly using the Wikipedia trademark. All looked nearly identical and offered to create articles for clients willing to pay US$799; the WMF was forced to take legal action when the domain owners declined to respond to Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy complaints filed at the World Intellectual Property Organization. The Next Web reports that "In short, the Wikimedia Foundation has used cybersquatting legislation to combat four paid-for services here. However, it's a small victory in the grand scheme of things—it faces a mighty uphill battle to curb the practice altogether."
  • US Congress edits: Wikimedia DC has started a dialogue with staffers from the US Congress. According to DC president James Hare, "they are interested in exploring how they can contribute information in a manner consistent with Wikipedia policies and best practices."
  • University Challenge on Wikipedia: The well-known UK quiz show University Challenge featured a bonus round last week focusing on Wikipedia. The Wikimedia UK blog asks "how would you fare against the students of Jesus College, Oxford University who faced the questions?"
  • Open positions
    • Royal Society of Chemistry: The UK Royal Society of Chemistry is calling for a six-month Wikipedian in residence "to join the Communications and Campaigns team and foster collaboration between our staff, members, Wikipedians, the research community and the general public, with the aim of better understanding and improving the usability of chemistry related content on Wikipedia."
    • Program intern: Wikimedia UK is recruiting a program intern that will assist in putting on gender gap events later this year.

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